PROCTOCOLITIS, PROCTITIS, AND ENTERITIS: WHAT ARE THEY?
incidence: common
cause: bacteria, viruses, protozoa; varies depending on the location of the infection
symptoms: rectal pain, discharge, diarrhea
treatment: directed at the underlying cause
WHAT ARE THEY? Proctocolitis, proctitis, and enteritis are intestinal syndromes caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, or protozoa that can be transmitted sexually as well as by nonsexual means. Proctocolitis is an infection and inflammation of the rectum as well as the colon. It is usually caused by shigella, salmonella, Campylobacter, Entamoeba histolytica, ox lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections. Proctitis is an infection and inflammation of the rectum, lower than in proctocolitis, which is usually caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, or syphilis. Enteritis is an infection and inflammation of the small intestine, which is usually caused by giardia or hepatitis A. In persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, enteritis may also be caused by cytomegalovirus Mycobacterium avium complex, isospora, salmonella infections.
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